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better late than never

   Barry Wellman

    A vision is just a vision if it's only in your head
    Step by step, link by link, putting it together
                  Streisand/Sondheim
  _______________________________________________________________________
   NetLab Network                 FRSC                      INSNA Founder
   http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~wellman           twitter: @barrywellman
   NETWORKED: The New Social Operating System  Lee Rainie & Barry Wellman
                        http://amzn.to/zXZg39
   _______________________________________________________________________


---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2017 11:04:32 +0000
From: "[utf-8] Complexity Digest" <[log in to unmask]>
Reply-To: [log in to unmask]
To: "[utf-8] Barry" <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: [utf-8] Latest Complexity Digest Posts

Learn about the latest and greatest related to complex systems research. More at http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=d976780056&e=55e25a0e3e



Multiscale Information Theory and the Marginal Utility of Information

    Complex systems display behavior at a range of scales. Large-scale behaviors can emerge from the correlated or dependent behavior of individual small-scale components. To capture this observation in a rigorous and general way, we introduce a formalism for multiscale information theory. Dependent behavior among system components results in overlapping or shared information. A systemÿÿs structure is revealed in the sharing of information across the systemÿÿs dependencies, each of which has an associated scale. Counting information according to its scale yields the quantity of scale-weighted information, which is conserved when a system is reorganized. In the interest of flexibility we allow information to be quantified using any function that satisfies two basic axioms. Shannon information and vector space dimension are examples. We discuss two quantitative indices that summarize system structure: an existing index, the complexity profile, and a new index, the marginal utility of
information. Using simple examples, we show how these indices capture the multiscale structure of complex systems in a quantitative way.


Multiscale Information Theory and the Marginal Utility of Information
Benjamin Allen, Blake C. Stacey, and Yaneer Bar-Yam

Entropy 2017, 19(6), 273; doi:10.3390/e19060273

Source: www.mdpi.com (http://unam.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=cc2a03ef55&e=55e25a0e3e)



How to fight corruption

    Anticorruption initiatives are often put forth as solutions to problems of waste and inefficiency in government programs. It's easy to see why. So often, somewhere along the chain that links the many participants in public service provision or other government activities, funds may get stolen or misdirected, bribes exchanged for preferential treatment, or genuine consumers of public services supplemented by ÿÿghostÿÿ users. As a result, corruption reduces economic growth and leaves citizens disillusioned and distrustful of government. It is tempting to think that more monitoring, stricter sanctions, or positive inducements for suitable behavior will reduce corruption. But every anticorruption or antifraud program elicits a strategic response by those who orchestrated and benefited from wrongdoing in the first place. How can these unintended consequences be anticipated and avoided?


How to fight corruption
Raymond Fisman, Miriam Golden

Science  26 May 2017:
Vol. 356, Issue 6340, pp. 803-804
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan081

Source: science.sciencemag.org (http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=203da954fa&e=55e25a0e3e)



Collective benefits in traffic during mega events via the use of information technologies

    Information technologies today can inform each of us about the route with the shortest time, but they do not contain incentives to manage travellers such that we all get collective benefits in travel times. To that end we need travel demand estimates and target strategies to reduce the traffic volume from the congested roads during peak hours in a feasible way. During large events, the traffic inconveniences in large cities are unusually high, yet temporary, and the entire population may be more willing to adopt collective recommendations for collective benefits in traffic. In this paper, we integrate, for the first time, big data resources to estimate the impact of events on traffic and propose target strategies for collective good at the urban scale. In the context of the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, we first predict the expected increase in traffic. To that end, we integrate data from mobile phones, Airbnb, Waze and transit information, with game schedules and expected
attendance in each venue. Next, we evaluate different route choice scenarios for drivers during the peak hours. Finally, we gather information on the trips that contribute the most to the global congestion which could be redirected from vehicles to transit. Interestingly, we show that (i) following new route alternatives during the event with individual shortest times can save more collective travel time than keeping the routine routes used before the event, uncovering the positive value of information technologies during events; (ii) with only a small proportion of people selected from specific areas switching from driving to public transport, the collective travel time can be reduced to a great extent. Results are presented online for evaluation by the public and policymakers


Collective benefits in traffic during mega events via the use of information technologies
Yanyan Xu, Marta C. González
Published 12 April 2017.DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.1041

Royal Society Interface

April 2017
Volume 14, issue 129



Efficient method for estimating the number of communities in a network

    While there exist a wide range of effective methods for community detection in networks, most of them require one to know in advance how many communities one is looking for. Here we present a method for estimating the number of communities in a network using a combination of Bayesian inference with a novel prior and an efficient Monte Carlo sampling scheme. We test the method extensively on both real and computer-generated networks, showing that it performs accurately and consistently, even in cases where groups are widely varying in size or structure.


Efficient method for estimating the number of communities in a network
Maria A. Riolo, George T. Cantwell, Gesine Reinert, M. E. J. Newman

Source: arxiv.org (http://unam.us4.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=946f20f8e9&e=55e25a0e3e)



Emergent Network Modularity

    We introduce a network growth model based on complete redirection: a new node randomly selects an existing target node, but attaches to a random neighbor of this target. For undirected networks, this simple growth rule generates unusual, highly modular networks. Individual network realizations typically contain multiple macrohubs---nodes whose degree scales linearly with the number of nodes N. The size of the network "nucleus"---the set of nodes of degree greater than one---grows sublinearly with N and thus constitutes a vanishingly small fraction of the network. The network therefore consists almost entirely of leaves (nodes of degree one) as Nÿÿÿÿ.


Emergent Network Modularity
P. L. Krapivsky, S. Redner

Source: arxiv.org (http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=b8ec9fda6f&e=55e25a0e3e)



NetSci 2017 ÿÿ Conference Agenda Manager

    http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=a5d997b819&e=55e25a0e3e

NetSci 2017 Conference
JW Marriott Hotel, Indianapolis, IN
June 19 ÿÿ 23, 2017
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Join us in Indianapolis in June for NetSci 2017!

LAST CHANCE TO REGISTER ONLINE

Online registration ends Sunday. June 11 at midnight (EDT). After this, only on-site registration will be available.  Complete your conference registration by going to: http://unam.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=c0e12da91c&e=55e25a0e3e

SEE OUR FULL SCHEDULE: SATELLITES,  SCHOOL, SPEAKERS, SESSIONS, AND POSTERS

22 organized Satellites on a variety of topics in the first two days: http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=ba6d0a3eae&e=55e25a0e3e

Our International School with lectures on key topics in the field: http://unam.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=eeee929b7a&e=55e25a0e3e

12 exciting keynote and invited speakers: http://unam.us4.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=469139fa8a&e=55e25a0e3e

See our full agenda of lightning talks, oral presentations, and posters with a searchable agenda: http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=7688c75337&e=55e25a0e3e

Sincerely,
Oalf Sporns & Fil Menczer
Co-Chairs, NetSci 2017

Contact us at [log in to unmask] with questions. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook @netsci2017

Source: netsci2017.net (http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=00df6a17f2&e=55e25a0e3e)


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