Olaf: If the linkage criterion is communication contact, check: Weiss and Jacobson, "A method for the analysis of the structure of complex organizations," American Sociological Review, 1955 661-668. Schwartz and Jacobson, "Organizational communication network analysis: the liaison communication role," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1977, 158-174; also in, Katz, Kahn, and Adams (Eds.), The Study of Organizations, Jossey-Bass, 1980. Weiss and Jacobson found 80% of reported communication contacts listed as "several times daily" and of "utmost" or "great" importance were reciprocated (i.e., "confirmed"). Schwartz and Jacobson found 78% of once or more per day contacts were reciprocated. Weiss and Jacobson's data was gathered through personal interviews; Schwartz and Jacobson used self-completing questionnaires. Don Schwartz At 08:13 AM 9/4/02 +0200, you wrote: Does anyone know of network analyses using confirmed relations when gathering data through interviews (if i says that he has a relation of some typ to j than j needs to confirm this relation to i in his interview)? I am especially interested in the degree of confirmation. ---------------------------------- Dipl.-Kfm. Olaf N. Rank Department of International Management University of Mannheim Schloss 68161 Mannheim