***** To join INSNA, visit http://www.insna.org *****
Note: The Beach Boys and the Mamas and Papas owe me a refund.
It ALWAYS RAINS in Southern California this February.
Oy vey.
Edited complexities below
Barry Wellman
A vision is just a vision if it's only in your head
Step by step, link by link, putting it together
Streisand/Sondheim
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NetLab Network FRSC INSNA Founder
http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~wellman twitter: @barrywellman
NETWORKED: The New Social Operating System Lee Rainie & Barry Wellman
http://amzn.to/zXZg39
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Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2017 12:02:36 +0000
From: "[utf-8] Complexity Digest" <[log in to unmask]>
Reply-To: [log in to unmask]
To: "[utf-8] Barry" <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: [utf-8] Latest Complexity Digest Posts
Learn about the latest and greatest related to complex systems research. More at http://unam.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=76a7c11bce&e=55e25a0e3e
Immigrants Do Not Increase Crime, Research Shows
http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=884930aad9&e=55e25a0e3e
Across our studies, one finding remains clear: Cities and neighborhoods with greater concentrations of immigrants have lower rates of crime and violence, all else being equal.
Source: www.scientificamerican.com (http://unam.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=067683748b&e=55e25a0e3e)
Control of finite critical behaviour in a small-scale social system
Many adaptive systems sit near a tipping or critical point. For systems near a critical point small changes to component behaviour can induce large-scale changes in aggregate structure and function. Criticality can be adaptive when the environment is changing, but entails reduced robustness through sensitivity. This tradeoff can be resolved when criticality can be tuned. We address the control of finite measures of criticality using data on fight sizes from an animal society model system (Macaca nemestrina, n=48). We find that a heterogeneous, socially organized system, like homogeneous, spatial systems (flocks and schools), sits near a critical point; the contributions individuals make to collective phenomena can be quantified; there is heterogeneity in these contributions; and distance from the critical point (DFC) can be controlled through biologically plausible mechanisms exploiting heterogeneity. We propose two alternative hypotheses for why a system decreases the
distance from the critical point.
Control of finite critical behaviour in a small-scale social system
Bryan C. Daniels, David C. Krakauer & Jessica C. Flack
Nature Communications 8, Article number: 14301 (2017)
doi:10.1038/ncomms14301
Source: www.nature.com (http://unam.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=3f12bc1872&e=55e25a0e3e)
Network Medicine: Complex Systems in Human Disease and Therapeutics
Big data, genomics, and quantitative approaches to network-based
analysis are combining to advance the frontiers of medicine as never
before. Network Medicine introduces this rapidly evolving field of medical
research, which promises to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of
human diseases. With contributions from leading experts that highlight the
necessity of a team-based approach in network medicine, this definitive
volume provides readers with a state-of-the-art synthesis of the progress
being made and the challenges that remain.
Medical researchers have long sought to identify single molecular defects
that cause diseases, with the goal of developing silver-bullet therapies
to treat them. But this paradigm overlooks the inherent complexity of
human diseases and has often led to treatments that are inadequate or
fraught with adverse side effects. Rather than trying to force disease
pathogenesis into a reductionist model, network medicine embraces the
complexity of multiple influences on disease and relies on many different
types of networks: from the cellular-molecular level of protein-protein
interactions to correlational studies of gene expression in biological
samples. The authors offer a systematic approach to understanding complex
diseases while explaining network medicine˙˙s unique features, including
the application of modern genomics technologies, biostatistics and
bioinformatics, and dynamic systems analysis of complex molecular networks
in an integrative context.
By developing techniques and technologies that comprehensively assess
genetic variation, cellular metabolism, and protein function, network
medicine is opening up new vistas for uncovering causes and identifying
cures of disease.
Source: www.amazon.com (http://unam.us4.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=602b38a8df&e=55e25a0e3e)
Synergy from reproductive division of labor and complexity drive the evolution of sex
Computer experiments, testing features proposed to explain the
evolution of sexual recombination, show that this evolution is better
described as a network of interactions between possible sexual forms,
including diploidy, thelytoky, facultative sex, assortation, bisexuality,
and division of labor, rather than a simple transition from
parthenogenesis to sexual recombination. Results show that sex is an
adaptation to manage genetic complexity in evolution; that bisexual
reproduction emerges only among anisogamic diploids with a synergistic
division of reproductive labor; and that facultative sex is more likely to
evolve among haploids practicing assortative mating. Looking at the
evolution of sex as a complex system explains better the diversity of
sexual strategies known to exist in nature. The paper shows that
Analytical mathematics used in theoretical biology has limitations in
tackling complex problems. Switching to algorithmic mathematics, such as
ABM, will be important in advancing our understanding of complex issues.
More sophisticated models will enlighten more aspects of this complex
dynamics with implications for the understanding biological and cultural
evolution, intelligence, and complex systems in general.
Synergy from reproductive division of labor and complexity drive the evolution of sex
Klaus Jaffe
Source: arxiv.org (http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=6820ad1326&e=55e25a0e3e)
The Lexicocalorimeter: Gauging public health through caloric input and output on social media
http://unam.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=ea22706f43&e=55e25a0e3e
We propose and develop a Lexicocalorimeter: an online, interactive
instrument for measuring the ˙˙caloric content˙˙ of social media and other
large-scale texts. We do so by constructing extensive yet improvable
tables of food and activity related phrases, and respectively assigning
them with sourced estimates of caloric intake and expenditure. We show
that for Twitter, our naive measures of ˙˙caloric input˙˙, ˙˙caloric
output˙˙, and the ratio of these measures are all strong correlates with
health and well-being measures for the contiguous United States. Our
caloric balance measure in many cases outperforms both its constituent
quantities; is tunable to specific health and well-being measures such as
diabetes rates; has the capability of providing a real-time signal
reflecting a population˙˙s health; and has the potential to be used
alongside traditional survey data in the development of public policy and
collective self-awareness. Because our Lexicocalorimeter is a linear
superposition of principled phrase scores, we also show we can move beyond
correlations to explore what people talk about in collective detail, and
assist in the understanding and explanation of how population-scale
conditions vary, a capacity unavailable to black-box type methods.
Alajajian SE, Williams JR, Reagan AJ, Alajajian SC, Frank MR, Mitchell L, et al. (2017) The Lexicocalorimeter: Gauging public health through caloric input and output on social media. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0168893. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168893
Source: journals.plos.org (http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=40c0a110eb&e=55e25a0e3e)
See Also http://unam.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0eb0ac9b4e8565f2967a8304b&id=f8e3b646d1&e=55e25a0e3e
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Founding Editor: Gottfried Mayer.
Editor-in-Chief: Carlos Gershenson.
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